← Learn
Physics · Lesson 5

Simple Machines

Six clever shapes that turn a tiny push into a huge lift. Hidden inside almost every tool you've ever used.
Scene 1 · The big six

Six tools, one trick

A simple machine doesn't have a motor or a battery. It's just a clever shape. The shape lets you lift, push, or move something heavy with less force than you'd otherwise need. Humans have been using these for thousands of years.

⚖️
Lever
Seesaw, scissors, crowbar
🛞
Wheel & axle
Car wheel, doorknob, steering wheel
⬇️
Pulley
Crane, flag pole, blinds
📐
Inclined plane (ramp)
Slide, wheelchair ramp, road on a hill
🪓
Wedge
Axe, knife, doorstop
🌀
Screw
Jar lid, drill, light bulb base
Scene 2 · Lever — push down on this side, lift that side

The seesaw secret

A long bar resting on a point (the pivot). Push down on one end, and the other end goes up. The further from the pivot you push, the stronger the lift on the other side.

Archimedes (a wise Greek) said: "Give me a lever long enough, and I shall move the Earth."

📦
👇
Scene 3 · Ramp — long way, easier way

The ramp trade

Lifting a heavy box straight up = hard. Pushing it up a long, gentle slope = much easier — but you walk further. That's the deal: less force, more distance. Every simple machine does this trick in some way.

📦
Scene 4 · They're hiding everywhere

Most things are made of these

A pair of scissors is two levers + two wedges. A pencil sharpener is a wedge spinning on an axle. A bicycle is wheels, levers (the brakes), and gears (more wheels). Look around the kitchen — name a tool, and you'll find a simple machine inside.

★ The Big Idea

Trade force for distance

You can't get something for nothing. To lift a heavy box, you must spend energy. But a simple machine lets you spread that work out — so you push less hard, but you push longer or further.

Six clever shapes. Thousands of inventions. They built every pyramid, every cathedral, every road.